A method to monitor urinary carbon dioxide in patients with septic shock

Autor: E King William, Ernő Lindner, Bradford D. Pendley, Marcin Guzinski, James G. Atherton, Artur Jasinski
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 236:77-84
ISSN: 0925-4005
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.05.076
Popis: Severe sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions with mortality rates exceeding 31% (Levy et al., 2012) [1]. Septicemia was the most expensive US hospital condition in 2011 (Torio and Andrews, 2006) [2]. Urinary carbon dioxide may provide rapid, clinically useful information about a patient’s status, empowering physicians to intervene earlier and improve septic shock mortality. The objective of this paper is to validate a protocol with a Severinghaus-type CO 2 probe for the measurement of urinary CO 2 of septic shock patients. This protocol includes (i) sampling urine from a Foley catheter in an intensive care unit setting, (ii) storing samples until analysis at a separate facility, (iii) calibration of the Severinghaus-type CO 2 sensor, and (iv) measuring urinary CO 2 levels. We discuss the preparation and stability of standard solutions, storage of urine samples, and the performance characteristics of the Severinghaus type CO 2 sensor in relation to mock urine samples, urine quality control standards, and urine samples from healthy volunteers as well as patients in severe sepsis or septic shock. We report the influence of the sample pH, temperature, and ionic strength on the precision and accuracy of the measurements of urinary CO 2 levels and show that the protocol developed for the quantitative assessment of urinary CO 2 levels is adequate for the analysis of urine samples collected from a Foley catheter.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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