Structural aspects of the effectiveness of bisphosphonates as competitive inhibitors of the plant vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase
| Autor: | Saroj Parmar, R. Gordon-Weeks, Roger A. Leigh, Thomas G. Davies |
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| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Biochemical Journal. 337:373-377 |
| ISSN: | 1470-8728 0264-6021 |
| Popis: | The bisphosphonates (general structure PO3-R-PO3) competitively inhibit soluble and membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) with differing degrees of specificity. Aminomethylenebisphosphonate (AMBP; HC(PO3)2NH2) is a potent, specific inhibitor of the PPase of higher plant vacuoles (V-PPase). To explore the possibility of constructing photoactivatable probes from bisphosphonates to label the active site of V-PPase we analysed the effects of different analogues on the hydrolytic and proton pumping activity of the enzyme. Bisphosphonates with a range of structures inhibited competitively and the effects on PPi hydrolysis correlated with the effects on proton pumping. Low-molecular-mass bisphosphonates containing hydrophilic groups (α-NH2 or OH) were the most effective, suggesting that the catalytic site is in a restricted polar pocket. Bisphosphonates containing a benzene ring were less active but the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the ring increased activity. Compounds of the general formula NH2(CH2)nC(PO3)2OH were more inhibitory than compounds of the H(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2, NH2(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2 or OH(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2 series, with activity decreasing as n increased. A nitrogen atom in the carbon chain increased activity but activity was decreased by the presence of an oxygen atom. An analogue with a ring attached via a four-carbon chain, which included an amide linkage and a hydroxy group on the α-carbon atom, inhibited competitively (Ki = 62.0 µM), suggesting that it may be possible to design bisphosphonate inhibitors which contain a photoactivatable azido group for photoaffinity labelling of V-PPase active site. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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