Durability Properties of Demineralized and Torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Pellets
| Autor: | A. R. Mohamed, Nur Nasulhah Kasim, M. A. N. M. I. R. Rashid, Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi, Rashidi Ahmad, Ras Izzati Ismail |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 932:012008 |
| ISSN: | 1757-899X 1757-8981 |
| Popis: | The pelletization of raw and demineralized and torrefied empty fruit bunch (TDEFB) were conducted upon mixing with bio-oil that was obtained from EFB pyrolysis. The ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB was varied from 0-20 wt%. Then it was pressed using the single pellet press machine. The effects of the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB and the thickness of pellets were evaluated towards its durability. It was identified that the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB pellet of 5 wt% had produced the optimum durability which was 69.27 and 74.46 % respectively. In terms of the thickness of the raw and torrefied pellets, it was determined that at thickness of 3 cm, the durability was the highest which were 70.12 and 71.12 % for both raw and TDEFB pellets respectively. The raw and TDEFB pellets were analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to evaluate the presence of functional groups within the materials. The presence of O-H hydroxyl group, C=O from carbonyl or ester and C-H alkane groups are detected in both raw and torrefied pellets. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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