Catalysts and process developments for two-stage liquefaction. Final technical report, October 1, 1989--September 30, 1992
| Autor: | A.J. Swanson, D.J. Sajkowski, D.C. Cronauer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1992 |
| Předmět: |
Bituminous coal
Waste management Chemistry business.industry geology.rock_type technology industry and agriculture geology Liquefaction Beneficiation Coke Pulp and paper industry Coal liquefaction complex mixtures chemistry.chemical_compound otorhinolaryngologic diseases Coal business Sulfur dioxide Gravity separation |
| DOI: | 10.2172/10190862 |
| Popis: | Research in this project centered upon developing and evaluating catalysts and process improvements for coal liquefaction in the two-stage, close-coupled catalytic process. The major results are summarized here and they are described in more detail under each Task. In tasks for coal pretreatment and beneficiation, it was shown for coal handling that drying of both lignite or subbituminous coals using warm air, vacuum oven or exposing to air for long time was detrimental to subsequent liquefaction. Both laboratory and bench-scale beneficiations indicated that in order to achieve increased liquefaction yield for Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal, size separation with in sink-float technique should be used. For subbituminous coal, the best beneficiation was aqueous SO{sub 2} treatment, which reduced mineral matter. In the case of lignite, the fines should be rejected prior to aqueous SO{sub 2} treatment and sink-float gravity separation. In liquefying coals with supported catalysts in both first and second stages, coal conversion was highest (93%) with Illinois No. 6 coal, which also had the highest total liquid yield of 80%, however, the product contained unacceptably high level of resid (30%). Both low rank coals gave lower conversion (85--87%) and liquid yields (57--59%), but lighter products (no resid). Themore » analysis of spent first stage catalysts indicated significant sodium and calcium deposits causing severe deactivation. The second stage catalysts were in better condition showing high surface areas and low coke and metal deposits. The use of dispersed catalyst in the first stage would combat the severe deactivation.« less |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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