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Monoaromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, inorganic salts, particular matters are the main forms of environmental pollution. Hydrocarbons (monoaromatic and polyaromatic) are of special concerns because some of them are highly toxic and persistent pollutants which threaten all life forms on earth. Main sources of hydrocarbon contamination in environment are crude oil, petroleum-based products, pesticides, or different harmful organic matters which are discharged into the water bodies as effluents. Environmental researchers are continually devoting their efforts to solve environmental concerns. Nanotechnology promises a solution to challenges associated with environmental pollution caused by modernization and advancement of technology. The last three decades have seen a significant interest in carbon-based nanomaterials for their novel applications across physics, chemistry, biotechnology, and engineering. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) have shown unique physical and chemical properties such as large surface area, high mechanical strength, high conductivity, and stability. Carbon-based nanomaterials include mainly: fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene derivatives. This chapter provides an overview of carbon-based nanomaterials research for their application to removing hydrocarbons from the environment. The various applications of CNMs associated with removing of hydrocarbon in the environment such as in adsorption technology, in analytic chemistry, and in photocatalysis process have been discussed in the present chapter. |
