| Popis: |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is caused by failure, usually due to autoimmune antibodies, of GM-CSF to stimulate surfactant catabolism by alveolar macrophages. Presentation is with progressive shortness of breath, or with pneumonic illness due to superimposed infection. Chest radiography characteristically shows a picture simulating pulmonary oedema. Computed tomography shows a characteristic ‘crazy paving’ pattern and the demonstration of anti-GM CSF antibodies in the serum is useful in diagnosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy demonstrates alveolar secretions that are strongly PAS-positive but contain no organisms and no excessive cellular response. In 30 to 50% of cases the disease improves spontaneously or fails to progress. When intervention is necessary the most effective measure is physical removal of secretions by whole-lung bronchoalveolar lavage. GM-CSF has been given to a few patients, with half seeming to respond. Eradication of infection may be difficult when opportunistic organisms are involved. Survival is about 70% at 10 years.... |
