| Popis: |
Stoichiometry problems in binary or more complex compounds can impair the electric, ferroelectric, magnetic, optical and other characteristics in these single crystals. For many compounds of interest, congruent melting compositions have been detected which are non-stoichiometric thereby giving rise to unwanted effects like thermodynamic instabilities, precipitates, intrinsic impurities and deviations from unity of the segregation coefficient of cations. To eliminate or significantly reduce these defects, specific growth techniques were considered and introduced. Traditional growth methods combining the advantage of flux-growth techniques assisted by specific chemical control of stoichiometry were explored. Specific examples of near-stoichiometric YVO 4 and LiNbO 3 growth are discussed, and future trends for the growth of stoichiometric single crystals considered. |
Full Text from ScienceDirect