Human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS: challenges and progress
| Autor: | Philip D. Minor, G. C. Schild |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1990 |
| Předmět: |
biology
business.industry viruses Viral Vaccine General Medicine Simian immunodeficiency virus medicine.disease medicine.disease_cause biology.organism_classification Virology Virus Vaccination Retrovirus Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Immunology Lentivirus Medicine business Immunodeficiency |
| Zdroj: | The Lancet. 335:1081-1084 |
| ISSN: | 0140-6736 |
| Popis: | Some of the scientific challenges which go with vaccine development and the progress that is being made with vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are outlined. Studies of laboratory animals are showing good results. A vaccine if found would protect against primary HIV infection and also be used for therapy. HIV belongs to the retrovirus family subfamily lentivirus. They are enveloped viruses which have diploid RNA genomes and reverse transcriptase the polymerase enzyme. Some of HIVs characteristics make the development and evaluation of a vaccine difficult. The virus is "devious" and hides in cells. There is much antigenic variation with it particularly in the envelope protein. The virus infects some of the cells that are required for immune response. A simple inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine can induce a protective immune response in monkeys. Vaccines do exist for diseases caused by viruses that have some of the same features as HIV. ANimal models are needed for further research. The chimpanzee is readily susceptible. Models could be developed with nonhuman lentiviruses. The SIV is of particular promise. It causes an immunodeficiency disease similar to AIDS in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Progress is being made at the Delta Primate Center in the US. "Other potential animal models for vaccine studies include feline and bovine immunodeficiency viruses. Most viral vaccines used on humans are live attenuated strains. They may revert to a more virulent form on replication in the recipient. Live attenuated strains are not good types nor are killed virus vaccines. 2 subunit preparations are in common use against influenza and hepatitis B. Clinical trials of HIV vaccines raise several ethical issues different from other clinical trials including the risk of social discrimination or harm due to the recipient becoming HIV positive. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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