| Popis: |
Early attempts to humanize political economy raised two questions—the class interests of owners of land and capital and the politics of moving to a reformed system of wealth valuation. These two problems recurred when Mahbub ul Haq revolted against the conventional techniques of development planning and advocated a reform that included targets for the structure of consumption, expressed in physical and not financial terms. This basic needs approach was criticized for being top-down, state-led, and foundering on the difficult politics of reform. Amartya Sen rejected the metric of both utility and commodities and argued for that of capabilities to function, but declined to propose a set of basic human capabilities—while supporting ul Haq’s simplistic Human Development Index. Poverty has many dimensions, but even the new multiple poverty index needs to justify the dimensions chosen for inclusion. |
