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The global landscape presents an increase in the industrial production and disposal of nanomaterials in the environment. Therefore it is crucial to evaluate and manage their risks to human and environmental health toward sustainable nanotechnologies. In this chapter, we address some aspects of the interactions of nanomaterials with the soil environment and its implications in nanoecotoxicology and nanosafety research. In particular, we provide an overview on the impacts of the biotransformation processes (i.e., soil organic matter interaction and enzymatic modification) on different classes of nanomaterials (i.e., metallic, carbon, inorganic, polymeric) in the soil environment and their consequences to the nanomaterial toxicity and biological effects on soil-living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, worms, and plants. An understanding of the complex relationships between nanomaterials’ physicochemical properties, soil biotransformation, and toxicity is the main topic of discussion in this chapter. |
