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In plant production, the main objective is to increase the unit yield area with related measures. Without taking the suited precautions, yield level cannot increase as much as it is desired, and it is clear that some impacts of climate change (CC) and global warming (GW) may threaten the plant life. Additionally, day by day, these limitations increase. Researches have shown that the emergence of water deficit in one place at any time is called as drought, and this is one of the most important limitations in any plant production. Landraces are also affected by greenhouse gases (GHGs) (namely and mainly CO2, CH4, N2O, water vapor, halocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons) which are part of climate change. Rice (Oryza sativa) plant, from the same family with wheat (Triticum spp.) plant, has released a greenhouse gas (CH4), with a share of 94%. On the other hand, available scientific data show that the world temperature will increase annually by an average of (1,4–5,8) °C by the end of 2100, and this can affect many plants, ecology, ecosystem, ecosystem balance, many other ecological/climatic parameters, etc. in different levels. Especially global warming (GW) and climate change (CC) affect plant development, due to the environmental temperature, humidity, plant growth stages, soil characteristics, speed and capacity of the photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), earliness, maturity, harvestability, harvest and tresh, and some agronomic traits such as plant height, 1000-grain weight, tillering capacity, etc. On the other hand, yield and yield components (= which means dry matter yield) can affect the mineral content or productivity level partially or completely depending on soil properties. Where the growth factors such as light, temperature, and humidity are insufficient in the areas where the wheat landraces are grown, the factors associated with various chemical and physiological characteristics are of great importance in the development of mechanisms to minimize the impact of the CC. Considering the phenotypic, physiological traits of the wheat landraces, they should be used as a parent or genitor for the selection(s) or hybridization(s) under the multidisciplinary approach of agronomy, plant breeding, tissue culture techniques, and genetic engineering applications. |
