Advances in Mechanistic Approaches to Quantifying Biophysical Fire Effects
| Autor: | J. M. Varner, J. J. O’Brien, B. W. Butler, Sean T. Michaletz, M. B. Dickinson, J. K. Hiers, Chad M. Hoffman, E. L. Loudermilk |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
040101 forestry
education.field_of_study 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Ecology business.industry Ecology (disciplines) Energy transfer Population Forest management Environmental resource management Forestry 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences 01 natural sciences Dynamic models Rate of spread 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Fire ecology education business Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Fire behavior 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Nature and Landscape Conservation |
| Zdroj: | Current Forestry Reports. 4:161-177 |
| ISSN: | 2198-6436 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40725-018-0082-7 |
| Popis: | The search for causal mechanisms in fire ecology has been slow to progress for two main reasons. First, many fire ecology investigations often occur after fires, with no detailed information on fire behavior. These fire effects are then used to infer both fire behavior and the subsequent effects themselves. Second, that fire behavior is heterogeneous at many scales both spatially and temporally, and that heat transfer occurs in three dimensions is only now being appreciated. Spatially and temporally resolved measurement of heat and mass transport in fires is difficult; and even when fire is measured, it is often measured in ways that are not relevant to the effects of interest. General measurements like flame length, rate of spread, and consumption are only approximate descriptors of a complicated energy transfer environment and are of limited use when linking fires to their effects. We review both progress in biophysical fire ecology and present recent advances in technology and analytical techniques used for measuring the fire environment. We discuss not only how models of fire-induced injury can be partitioned into belowground, stems, and crowns but also how understanding synergy among these injuries will be necessary to improve our understanding of fire effects. We also present how there are emerging opportunities to apply computational fluid dynamic models to address issues of scaling in biophysical fire effects. The conceptual linkage of fire energy release to mechanistic fire effects has value beyond simply understanding post-fire tree injury, function, and mortality. It can guide investigations that identify and isolate mechanisms driving other fire effects such as soil heating, organismal population dynamics, and biogeochemistry. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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