| Popis: |
The spine is a complex anatomic structure comprising a long and articulated column that exhibits substantial range of motion and distinct differences in its three regions: the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spines. The primary biomechanical functions of the spinal column are to facilitate physiologic movement of the head and trunk, and to bear the loads from activities of daily living and protect the neural tissues. As such, the largest spinal motion occurs in the cervical region, while the axial compressive strength progressively increases in a cranial to caudal direction. Structural components that contribute to the biomechanical functions include vertebrae, intervertebral discs, facet joints, and spinal ligaments. There are six degrees of freedom at an intervertebral joint: rotations in the sagittal, frontal, and axial planes, as well as translations along the axis of these planes. Understanding biomechanics of the spine is an important aspect in managing diseases and injuries to the spine and restoring its normal function. Therefore, this chapter explains how to perform biomechanical testing of the spine, as well as how to analyze, report, and interpret results. |
