| Popis: |
Mature fields contain wells drilled over decades, resulting in a complex distribution of cased hole from active producers, injectors, and abandoned wells. Continued field development requires access to bypassed pay and the drilling of new wells that must be threaded between the existing subterranean infrastructure. It is therefore important to know the position of any offset wells relative to a well being drilled so collision can be avoided. A well’s position is determined by directional survey points, for which the measurement error accumulates along the length of the well, increasing the uncertainty associated with the well position. The positional uncertainty is greater in wells drilled with older generations of surveying tools. Thus, a new well may be required to enter the ellipse of uncertainty representing the potential position of an older well, risking collision, to be able to reach desired targets in more distal parts of the reservoir. A potential solution to reduce collision risks is ultra-deep electromagnetic (EM) logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools, whose measurements are strongly influenced by proximity to metal casing and liners. This paper presents 3D inversion results of ultra-deep EM data from a development well in a mature field, which were used to identify a nearby cased well. Due to the large effect of casing on the measured EM field, it is important to validate the 3D results; this has been achieved using a synthetic modelling approach and assessment of azimuthal EM measurements. Models were created with casing positioned within resistive media with similar properties to those seen in the studied cases. Inverting these models allows testing of the inversion algorithm to show that it is providing a good representation of the cased well’s position relative to the newly drilled well. Further analysis of recorded and synthetic data showed that the raw EM field is strongly influenced as the casing is approached. The casing can be seen to clearly affect the EM field measurements when it is in the region of 10 to 15 m ahead of the EM transmitter, with the effect increasing in magnitude as this distance diminishes. Modelling shows that the EM field measurements behave in a predictable manner. As the ultra-deep EM tool approaches a cased well, it is possible to determine whether the casing is above, below, or critically, directly in line with the planned trajectory of the new well. Existing subterranean infrastructure can pose a major hazard to the drilling of new wells. Being able to identify an old well ahead of the bit using ultra-deep EM measurements would allow a new well to be steered away from the hazard or drilling stopped, preventing a collision. In addition, this may also allow the drilling of well paths that would otherwise be impossible to drill, due to the limitations imposed by positional uncertainty of the new and offset wells. This use of ultra-deep resistivity technology takes it beyond its more traditional benefits in well placement and formation evaluation, making it useful for improving well drilling safety. |
