| Popis: |
Adults with better jobs enjoy better health: job title was, in fact, the social gradient metric first used to study the relationship between social class and chronic disease etiology, a core finding now replicated in most developed countries. What has been less well proved is whether this correlation is causal, and if so, through what mechanisms. Duringthepastdecade,muchresearchhasbeendirectedattheseissues.Bestevidencein2009suggeststhatoccupation does affect health. Most recent research on the relationship has been directed at disentangling the pathways through which lower-status work leads to adverse health outcomes. This review focuses on six areas of recent progress: (1) the role ofstatus in a hierarchical occupational system; (2) the roles of psychosocial job stressors ;( 3) effects of workplacephysicalandchemicalhazardexposures;(4)evidencethatworkorganizationmattersasacontextualfactor; (5) implications for the gradient of new forms of nonstandard or “precarious” employment such as contract and shift work; and (6) emerging evidence that women may be impacted differently by adverse working conditions, and possibly more strongly, than men. |
