| Popis: |
Exfoliative cytology refers to the study of cells that are either shed spontaneously or mechanically scraped or washed from an epithelium-lined surface. The nongynecologic exfoliative specimens commonly examined in a cytology laboratory include urine, sputum, bronchial brushings/washings, bronchioloalveolar lavage, esophageal brushings, pancreatic duct/bile duct brushings, and pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluids. Brushings use a brush to scrape off the epithelium, and washings employ irrigation of the target organ followed by suction of the resulting fluid. These specimens are collected during minimally invasive procedures such as cystoscopy, bronchoscopy, and upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Ancillary studies can be applied to the cytological material, including special histochemical and microbiological stains, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and molecular diagnostics to assist in the diagnosis and disease management. Exfoliative cytology not only is an important tool in the detection of malignancy but also aids in the diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious disorders. |
