Tillage and Fertilizer Effects on Crop Yield and Soil Properties over 45 Years in Southern Illinois

Autor: Rachel L. Cook, Andrew Trlica
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Agronomy Journal. 108:415-426
ISSN: 1435-0645
0002-1962
Popis: 415 In North America’s midwestern Corn Belt, agriculture contributes to soil erosion and nutrient losses with farreaching environmental consequences such as hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008) and long-term loss of farm soil productivity (Pimentel et al., 1995; Lal, 2004). Conservation tillage practices, such as ChT and NT, aim to minimize soil disturbance and increase soil residue cover (Hobbs et al., 2008). Th ese practices can help mitigate the environmental impact of corn and soybean production by reducing soil loss and nutrient runoff (Angle et al., 1984; Wendt and Burwell, 1985; Shipitalo et al., 2013), surface and groundwater pollution (Glenn and Angle, 1987; Kanwar et al., 1997), fuel consumption (Doster et al., 1983; Brown et al., 1989; Chase and Duff y, 1991) and greenhouse gas emissions (Kern and Johnson, 1993; Pacala and Socolow, 2004; Bernacchi et al., 2005; Omonode et al., 2011). Studies have shown that conservation tillage and NT can improve soil physical properties such as infi ltration, bulk density, water retention, structure, and water-stable aggregates (Karlen et al., 1994; Cassel et al., 1995; Kumar et al., 2012a, 2012b). Long-term no-till can also lead to vertical and horizontal stratifi cation of P, K, pH, and OM, but there is little evidence that stratifi cation aff ects yield (Dick et al., 1991; Ismail et al., 1994; Holanda et al., 1998; Duiker and Beegle, 2006). Unfortunately, a general perception remains that the benefi ts of reduced tillage such as soil conservation may be outweighed by decreased yield and lower economic returns, except on welldrained, highly sloped, and erodible land (Triplett and Dick, 2008; Pittelkow et al., 2015). Corn-yield reductions during the fi rst several years aft er conversion to NT from conventional tillage have been noted particularly on poorly drained soils, in CC rotations, on certain soil types (e.g., high OM, fi ne texture), and in colder, wetter, and more northerly climates (Griffi th et al., 1988; Dick et al., 1991; Iragavarapu and Randall, 1995; West et al., 1996; Hussain et al., 1999; Govaerts et al., 2005; DeFelice et al., 2006; Toliver et al., 2012). However, other NT studies have shown no distinct eff ect of tillage on yield (Kapusta et al., 1996) and even a yield advantage in certain years (Dick et al., 1991; Griffi th et al., 1988; Grandy et al., 2006a; Herbek et al., 1986), indicating that relative crop performance under NT may depend on environmental and management interactions. Soil Fertility & Crop Nutrition
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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