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The human central nervous system (CNS) is composed of billions of neurons with trillions of synaptic connections. The brain is evolutionarily organized to handle large amounts of information processing through both serial and parallel circuitries that produce complex neural networks representing the many modalities encompassed by brain CNS activity. The high level of neural organization that is required for human cognition is regulated by genes. For this reason, genomic alterations have the potential to alter gene expression in a permanent manner, which could contribute to changes in the genscriptome, including effects on both the normal and diseased nervous system. This article focuses primarily on changes in DNA – specifically, how genomic changes might influence gene expression in the normal brain and in human brain disorders. |
