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Anaerobic extremophiles are generally obligate anaerobes that strictly require anoxic environment; however, facultative anaerobe can tolerate both anaerobic and aerobic environmental conditions. Some of the anaerobic microbes are found in extreme habitat such as deep in the ocean or earth’s crust; others are present in parts of varied landscape such as marshes, bogs, sewers, polar lakes, tundra, calderas, geothermal submarine vents, hot springs, deep-sea sediments, and deep subsurface rock. Further, mammalian, ruminant, and arthropod digestive tracts are also the houses of the anaerobic extremophiles. Besides facultative anaerobes and oxygen-tolerant anaerobes, obligate anaerobes require strictly anoxic environment for their existence. This chapter defines the different approaches required to understand the growth and isolation of the anaerobes and large-scale production of the most economically important biomolecules produced by obligate anaerobes. The physiological and biochemical factors accounting for the relative resistance of many strict anaerobes to oxygen and products of incomplete reduction are also described in this chapter. |
