Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic features and long-term outcomes of patients with ischaemic versus non-ischaemic left ventricular thrombus
| Autor: | F Q Goh, J J L Sim, R R Ling, V S Q Neo, E S T Ng, A S T Leow, B Y Q Tan, W K F Kong, V K Sharma, K K Poh, R C Wong, L L L Yeo, P Chai, T C Yeo, C H Sia |
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| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | European Heart Journal. 43 |
| ISSN: | 1522-9645 0195-668X |
| DOI: | 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.162 |
| Popis: | Background Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) may develop in patients following myocardial infarction (MI), as well as in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies, and may result in acute ischaemic stroke. Smaller studies comparing LVT associated with ischaemic and non-ischaemic aetiologies only reported 1-year outcomes or focused on specific subpopulations. We aimed to compare the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and longer-term outcomes in a large population of patients with ischaemic versus non-ischaemic LVT. Methods This was a retrospective study of 552 consecutive patients with echocardiographically-identified LVT from March 2011 to January 2021 at a tertiary centre. Ischaemic LVT included LVT associated with MI and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Non-ischaemic LVT included cases without evidence of ischaemia. Echocardiographic images were interpreted by trained cardiologists. We studied thrombus resolution as well as 5-year rates of ischaemic stroke and all-cause mortality. Results Of the 552 patients, mean age was 59.9 years and 84.4% were male. 492 patients had ischaemic LVT and 60 patients had non-ischaemic LVT. Ischaemic LVT was associated with older age (60.4 versus 55.3 years), male sex (86.8% versus 65.0%), smoking (49.2% versus 25.0%) and hyperlipidaemia (54.3% versus 28.3%). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in non-ischaemic LVT (28.9% versus 31.9%). LVEF ≤35% was associated with increased mortality in ischaemic LVT (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.32–3.38). Rates of thrombus resolution, stroke and all-cause mortality were similar in the 2 groups. Anticoagulation was associated with a lower risk of stroke in ischaemic LVT (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16–0.66) and lower mortality in both ischaemic (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26–0.72) and non-ischaemic LVT (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.61). Conclusion Patients with ischaemic LVT were more often older, male, smokers and had cardiovascular co-morbidities compared to those with non-ischaemic LVT. Thrombus resolution, stroke and all-cause mortality rates were similar in both groups. Anticoagulation was associated with lower mortality but this needs to be investigated in future prospective studies. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): CHS was supported by the National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Faculty Scheme |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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