Efficiency and unit propagation indices to characterize wake volumes of marine forest artificial reefs established by flatly distributed placement models
| Autor: | Somi Jung, Won-Bae Na, Dongha Kim, Jong-Kyu Kim |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
geography
Environmental Engineering geography.geographical_feature_category Unit propagation Flow (psychology) 020101 civil engineering Ocean Engineering Soil science 02 engineering and technology Wake 01 natural sciences 010305 fluids & plasmas 0201 civil engineering Light intensity 0103 physical sciences Environmental science Point (geometry) Reef Artificial reefs |
| Zdroj: | Ocean Engineering. 175:138-148 |
| ISSN: | 0029-8018 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.02.020 |
| Popis: | Marine forest artificial reefs (MFARs) have been used in relatively shallow seawaters to provide light intensity and firm, stable substrates for seaweeds. Their design should be oriented to enlarge surface areas with relatively small reef sizes and to spread spores with a productive reef placement. Regarding such productive placement, it is necessary to investigate how seaweed spores spread out from a point. Consequently, the water flows around MFARs are important in predicting the spreading pattern and obviously estimating the corresponding wake region is essential. In this study, we present the wake volumes of seven MFARs and associated flow characteristics, such as efficiency and unit propagation indices, and finally recommended better placement models, optimizing the interaction between ARs and the corresponding wake volumes. From the demonstrations, it was found that the indices were sensitive to facilitated AR modules, adapted AR size, and mixed use of different AR modules. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the intervals between neighboring ARs should be the major wake length of each flatly distributed placement model. It was shown that the analysis procedure demonstrated and the efficiency and unit propagation indices proposed here are useful for the efficient design and management of MFARs. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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