The effects of air pollution on urban ecosystems and agriculture
| Autor: | J.N.B. Bell, Nicolas Stephane Jarraud, Madhoolika Agrawal, Sally A. Power, C. Davies |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 18:226-235 |
| ISSN: | 1745-2627 1350-4509 |
| Popis: | Over half the global population live in cities, with this proportion rising rapidly. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to the health of urban ecosystems, which are subject to more severe stresses in many cases than their rural counterparts. In this paper, the importance of urban ecosystems, including agriculture, is emphasised, with particular consideration given to the impacts of air pollution. Techniques for studying these impacts are fumigations, filtrations, transect studies and the use of chemical protectants, examples of which are considered for both the developed and developing world. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and coal smoke formerly dominated the developed world and remain a growing problem in the developing countries. In both regions, the ‘modern’ pollutants, in the form of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM10), are also major problems for urban vegetation. Despite generally lower pollutant levels in the developed world, there is evidence that both crops a... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|