| Popis: |
Integration of distributed generation, including renewable power sources, is becoming increasingly commonplace at the distribution level to address issues like depleting fossil fuel reserves and greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, a shift from fossil fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles is also becoming a global phenomenon. Variability and uncertainties of renewable sources and penetration of electric vehicles alter the existing load profile in a power system and pose a challenge to power system operation. An integrated optimal operating approach is proposed in this paper to reduce the cost of operation (while satisfying other steady-state performance requirements like voltage profile and line flow limits) of a microgrid with distributed generation and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging load. The impact of different charging schemes of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on the system performance is also assessed. A group of measures (optimal scheduling of dispatchable sources and storage system, network reconfiguration) is implemented to improve system performance. Uncertainties of grid power price, renewable generation, load demand, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging load under different charging strategies are modeled using a probabilistic approach. The benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated by simulation studies on a thirty-three node microgrid test system. |
