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Nanomaterials (NMs) have an important role to play in relation to mobility, fate and toxicity of soil pollutants and thus are pivotal to abiotic stress (AS) remediation strategies. AS is caused by abiotic (non-living) factors, e.g., salinity, temperature, floods, UV-B radiation and drought. Role of NMs in supporting extensive crop yields under challenging environmental conditions has facilitated use of sustainable agricultural practices. The prominent role of NMs in reduction of nutrient loss from the soil, i.e., nano remediation strategies for reducing the infertile lands, rendered unfit for cultivation, is one of the goals for maintaining soil structure and improving its fertility. Nanopesticides, nanofertilizers and nanobiosensors influence the suppression of soil as well as crop borne diseases and, thereby enhance crop yields. Various case studies highlighting the use of nanobiosensors, nanofertilizers, nano-enabled remediation strategies for contaminated soils and nanopesticides in the agricultural sector have been dealt in this chapter. NMs play an important role in principle events of plant growth including seedling vigor, seed germination, growth, photosynthesis, flowering and root initiation. Also, these NMs play an important role in plant protection under oxidative stress. NMs increase the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and replicate the functions of some of the enzymes (anti-oxidative), i.e., catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Therefore, it becomes necessary to decipher the cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanism of NMs in plants during AS conditions. Future research directions have been discussed to meet challenging environmental conditions. |
