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Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on humoral antibody response. It describes the general nature of viral antigens, what is being determined by seriological procedures applied to virus systems, the appraisal of such data for diagnostic and vaccine evaluation purposes, and the nature of the antibody response and some potential implications to basic immunological and virological problems. The chapter focuses on the viruses of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and influenza, because they may serve as models for the structurally and antigenically simple and complex viruses, respectively. Other viruses are considered in the chapter for comparative purposes. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to a vast group of serologically distinct, small, single-stranded, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses—picornaviruses. The picornaviruses may be divided into two general groups based on their sensitivity to acid pH—acid-stable and acid-labile viruses. Influenza viruses are variable in size and morphology but are generally spherical having a diameter of 800–1200 A. |
