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The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States (FCSC) came into being in 1954, under the President's Re-organization Plan. It exists today as the successor of both the War Claims Commission, an independent body created pursuant to the War Claims Act of 1948, and the International Claims Commission. The Cold War and the continued existence of the Iron Curtain kept the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission in business from its 1954 inception until well into the 1990s. In the mid-1990s the Commission took on one of its most challenging programs, the Holocaust Claims Program, in which it evaluated claims of Americans who had been held in German concentration camps during World War II. The Commission performs an important function by serving as a buffer to insulate the President and the Department of State from political pressures exerted by competing groups of claimants. Keywords: Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC); International Claims Commission; Iron Curtain; War Claims Commission; World War II |
