Quantitative analysis ofEugenia jambolana(Willd. ex O.Berg) for its major anthocyanins by densitometry

Autor: Ramesh C. Gupta, Farrukh Aqil, Ram Jee Sharma, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Inder Pal Singh
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC. 26:363-369
ISSN: 1789-0993
0933-4173
DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.4.13
Popis: The study of anthocyanins and carotenoids is an active area of research due to their various medicinal uses and growing interest in alternatives to synthetic colorants [1]. Anthocyanins (of the Greek anthos = flower and kians = blue) are important pigments of the vascular plants as they have shown various promising biological activities [2]. Anthocyanins are abundant in berries such as blackberry, raspberry, huckleberry, and blueberry [3]. The genus Eugenia is one of 75 genera (approximately 3000 species) belonging to the family Myrtaceae. Eugenia jambolana commonly known as jamun/jambu/jambula/jamboola originated in Asia, specifically India and other tropical regions [4]. Jamun fruit is a rich source of anthocyanins. Major anthocyanins of jamun include delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-diglucoside, and malvidin-3,5-diglucoside, while cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and peonidin-3,5-diglucoside are minor constituents. The fruits are used as stomachic, astringent, antiscorbutic, diuretic, antidiabetic, chronic diarrhea, and enlargement of spleen [5]. Medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of plant extracts necessitate the development of analytical methods for their standardization and quality control. E. jambolana fruits possess numerous pharmacological activities, such as protection from DNA cleavage, estrogenic activity, enzyme inhibition, boosting production of cytokines, anti-inflammatory activity, lipid peroxidation, decreasing capillary permeability, fragility and membrane strengthening [6–10]. Petunidin and its glycosides induce apoptosis, whereas cyanidin and its glycosides show growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Delphinidin and its glycosides show antiproliferativity, photo-chemopreventive activity, inhibition of UVB (ultraviolet type B rays)-mediated oxidative stress, etc. [11–15]. Recently, we have reported antiproliferative activity of anthocyanins and anthocyanidin-enriched extract prepared from jamun pulp, with the extract eliciting higher activity than individual anthocyanins [16]. This may be due to synergism between anthocyanins and other phenolics present in the extract [17]. Therefore, a robust method to quantify individual anthocyanins and to standardize the crude jamun extract is necessary for quality control. In the present study, we report a simple high-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantification of major anthocyanins of E. jambolana fruit extract. Earlier, HPLC and pH differential methods have been routinely used for quantification of anthocyanins in various plants. HPLC methods use solvents containing formic acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc. in high concentration. Moreover, sample preparations are tedious and also require the addition of acid followed by solid phase extraction. The pH differential method determines only the total anthocyanin content, whereas HPTLC method can be used to determine individual as well as total anthocyanin content in the crude extract. In addition, different samples prepared in any solvent can be directly applied to the HPTLC plate and easily developed in developing chamber using commercial grade solvents.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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