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Female genital cutting is a term that encompasses a variety of procedures performed on female genitalia globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which utilizes the term female genital mutilation/cutting, there are currently over 91 million girls and women in Africa alone who have been genitally cut or mutilated, and over 3 million girls are at risk of being cut or mutilated each year. The WHO also has the most extensive classification of types of female genital mutilation/cutting, which range from clitoridectomy and excision (Types I and II) to infibulation (Type III) and other procedures (Type IV). There are various reasons that such procedures are performed. Such reasons include the control of female sexuality for cleanliness, appearance, purity, and chastity before marriage or to become marriageable within one's culture. Female genital cutting or mutilation is also performed for religious reasons, although there are no religious mandates for such procedures. Keywords: body practices; gender-based violence; health; human rights; international laws and policies |
