Pharmaceutical doses of the banned stimulant oxilofrine found in dietary supplements sold in the USA
| Autor: | Ikhlas A. Khan, John C. Travis, Bastiaan J. Venhuis, Pieter A. Cohen, Yan-Hong Wang, Bharathi Avula |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Drug
Prescription drug Dose medicine.medical_treatment media_common.quotation_subject Pharmaceutical Science 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Oxilofrine 01 natural sciences Analytical Chemistry Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Environmental Chemistry Ephedrine Adverse effect Spectroscopy media_common Increase blood pressure business.industry 010401 analytical chemistry 0104 chemical sciences Stimulant business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Drug Testing and Analysis. 9:135-142 |
| ISSN: | 1942-7603 |
| Popis: | Oxilofrine (4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)propyl]phenol) is a pharmaceutical stimulant prescribed in dosages of 16 to 40 mg to stimulate the heart and increase blood pressure. It has never been approved for use in the USA as a prescription drug or as a dietary supplement. Several athletes, however, have been banned from sport for testing positive for oxilofrine and have claimed that they inadvertently consumed oxilofrine in sports supplements. Consumption of supplements containing oxilofrine may also pose serious health risks. For example, one brand of supplements containing oxilofrine has been linked to serious adverse events including vomiting, agitation, and cardiac arrest. We designed our study to determine the presence and quantity of oxilofrine in dietary supplements sold in the USA. A validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of oxilofrine. The separation was achieved using a reversed phase column, mass spectrometry detection, and a water/acetonitrile gradient as the mobile phase. The presence of oxilofrine was confirmed using a reference standard. We analyzed 27 brands of supplements labelled as containing a synonym of oxilofrine ('methylsynephrine') and found that oxilofrine was present in 14 different brands (52%) at dosages ranging from 0.0003 to 75 mg per individual serving. Of the supplements containing oxilofrine, 43% (6/14) contained pharmaceutical or greater dosages of oxilofrine. Following instructions on the label, consumers could ingest as much as 250 mg of oxilofrine per day. The drug oxilofrine was found in pharmacological and greater dosages in supplements labelled as containing methylsynephrine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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