TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC SPECIALIZATION OF DAGESTAN PEOPLES: GENDER ASPECT

Autor: M B Gimbatova, M K Musaeva
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus. 13:89-96
ISSN: 2618-849X
2618-6772
DOI: 10.32653/ch13489-96
Popis: Economic specialization of the peoples of Dagestan was conditioned by natural environment and it influenced the process of social differentiation of labor, thus, most peoples consider all kinds of work connected with agriculture and cattle breeding to be men’s occupations, and household chores and most domestic crafts (spinning, production of carpets, palaces, woolen cloth, cotton and silk fabrics, linen, felting, bagging, making of woolen socks, stockings and outdoor woolen footwear) to be women’s occupations. Men’s crafts were sheepskin processing and metalwork. In the mountainous area, there was no strict gender differentiation of labor, as women’s labor was used quite widely, and independence of women was conditioned by men’s leaving for seasonal work. The traditional regulation of the gender differentiation of labor, adopted in the pre-revolutionary Dagestan society, has gradually lost its positions. During the Soviet period, the gender stratification of labor was leveled: women’s labor was not limited to the household, but was widely used in enterprises. Accelerated transformation of economic specialization took place in the post-Soviet period. The boundaries between what men can do and what is not permissible for them have actually erased, and this process began in the 1990s - the time of total men’s unemployment. Men began to explore new spheres and successfully realized their potential in the areas that had been considered exclusively women’s occupations. Changes in economic specialization could not but affect the intra-family relations of the Dagestan people. In a traditional society, the head of the family was always the father as the breadwinner and provider of the family, but in the present circumstances the head of the family is the one whose share in the family budget is greater. Recently, there have been cardinal changes in the employment of the population and in the minds of the Dagestan peoples, and the changes have significantly affected the gender differentiation of labor and gender stratification.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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