Quantitative Cross-Layer Evaluation of Transient-Fault Injection Techniques for Algorithm Comparison
| Autor: | Horst Schirmeier, Mark Breddemann |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Measure (data warehouse)
Sorting algorithm Computer science 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Benchmark (computing) Sorting Transient (computer programming) 02 engineering and technology Metric (unit) Fault injection Fault (power engineering) Algorithm 020202 computer hardware & architecture |
| Zdroj: | EDCC |
| DOI: | 10.1109/edcc.2019.00016 |
| Popis: | In the wake of the soft-error problem, fault injection (FI) is a standard methodology to measure fault resilience of programs and to compare algorithm variants. As detailed, e.g. gate-level machine models are often unavailable or too slow to simulate, FI is usually carried out in fast simulators based on abstracted system models, using e.g. ISA-level register injection. However, the literature deems such injection techniques too inaccurate and yielding wrong conclusions about analyzed programs. In this paper, we empirically challenge this assumption by applying gate-, flip-flop-and ISA-level FI techniques on an Arm® Cortex®-M0 processor. Analyzing FI results from 18 benchmark programs, we initially confirm related work by reporting SDC-rate discrepancies of up to an order of magnitude between a gate-level baseline and injection techniques on higher machine-model levels, suggesting gate-level injection should be used e.g. to select a specific sorting algorithm. We discuss why these discrepancies are, however, to be expected, and show that the extrapolated absolute failure-count metric combined with relative inter-benchmark measurements yield a significantly better cross-layer alignment of algorithm-resilience rankings. Our results indicate that ISA-level injection techniques suffice for evaluating and selecting program and algorithm variants on low-end processors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|