Benzene exposures caused by traffic in Munich public transportation systems between 1993 and 1997
| Autor: | G. Fruhmann, Dennis Nowak, A. Pfaller, Horst Römmelt |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1999 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Environmental Engineering Xylene Environmental engineering Pollution Toluene chemistry.chemical_compound Hydrocarbon chemistry Environmental chemistry Correlation analysis Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Volatile organic compound Sampling time Benzene Waste Management and Disposal Road traffic |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 241:197-203 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| Popis: | Volatile aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes, the BTX-aromatics) were measured between 1993 and 1997 in buses and trams in Munich center and along main roads during regular rides. The sampling time was between 07.00 and 00.00 h. A total of 631 probes were sampled and centrally analyzed. In the mean of 5 years we found 15.0 μg benzene/m 3 , 50% above the limit of the 23. BImSchV and 107.5 μg BTX aromates/m 3 along the strongly traffic loaded main streets. Splitting up these mean emissions into single years we observed a trend toward a decline of mean immission of all volatile aromatics (benzene from 23.8 μg/m 3 to 7.4 μg/m 3 ) and the sum of BTX aromatics (from 147.5 μg/m 3 to 59.4 μg/m 3 ). The measured hydrocarbon concentrations in Munich center were consistent with the long range theoretical calculations concerning the decrease of traffic-caused benzene immissions in cities. If the current trends continue, we can expect benzene concentrations to be below 5 μg/m 3 by the year 2001 and below 2.5 μg/m 3 by the year 2008. At these levels, the carcinogenic risk from benzene is probably less significant than the risks to public health from other car exhaust components. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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