Ultrasound-assisted green economic synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using eggshell biowaste and study of mechanical and biological properties for orthopedic applications

Autor: Hom Nath Dhakal, Tomaž Vuherer, Anil V. Ghule, Vijay H. Ingole, Kalyani Ghule, Aruna Vinchurkar, Kamal Hany Hussein, Anil A. Kashale, Jia-Yaw Chang, Vanja Kokol, Yong-Chien Ling
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 105:2935-2947
ISSN: 1549-3296
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36146
Popis: Nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) is most favorable candidate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering because of its bioactive and osteoconductive properties. Herein, we report for the first time ultrasound assisted facile and economic approach for the synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) using recycled eggshell bio-waste referred as EHAp. The process involves the reaction of eggshell bio-waste as a source of calcium and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate as a phosphate source. Ultrasound-mediated chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) is also carried out using similar approach wherein commercially available calcium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate was used as calcium and phosphate precursors, respectively and referred as CHAp for better comparison. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to determine crystal structure, particle morphology, and the presence of chemical functional groups. The nanocrystalline EHAp and CHAp were observed to have spherical morphology with uniform size distribution. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and compression tests have been studied of the EHAp and CHAp samples showing promising results. Mechanical properties show the influence of calcination at 600°C EHAp and CHAp material. After calcination, in the case of EHAp material an average hardness, mechanical strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness were found 552 MPa, 46.6 MPa, 2824 MPa and 3.85 MPa·m1/2 respectively, while in the case of CHAp 618 MPa, 47. 5 MPa, 2071 MPa and 3.13 MPa·m1/2. In vitro cell studies revealed that the EHAp and CHAp nanoparticles significantly increased the attachment and proliferation of the hFOB cells. Here, we showed that EHAp and CHAp provide promising biocompatible materials that do not affect the cell viability and proliferation with enhancing the osteogenic activity of osteoblasts. Moreover, hFOB cells are found to express Osteocalcin, Osteopontin, Collagen I, Osteonectin, BMP-2 on the EHAp and CHAp bone graft. This study demonstrates the formation of pure nanocrystalline HAp with promising properties justifying the fact that the eggshell bio-waste could be successfully utilized for the synthesis of HAp with good mechanical and osteogenic properties. These finding may have significant implications for designing of biomaterial for use in orthopedic tissue regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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