Small-scale desalination of seawater by shock electrodialysis
| Autor: | Martin Z. Bazant, Tao Gao, Kameron M. Conforti, Huanhuan Tian, Mohammad A. Alkhadra |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Brackish water
Mechanical Engineering General Chemical Engineering Environmental engineering Artificial seawater 02 engineering and technology General Chemistry Electrodialysis 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Desalination law.invention 020401 chemical engineering law Environmental science General Materials Science Seawater 0204 chemical engineering 0210 nano-technology Reverse osmosis Magnesium ion Distillation Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Desalination. 476:114219 |
| ISSN: | 0011-9164 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.desal.2019.114219 |
| Popis: | Conventional desalination technologies such as distillation and reverse osmosis are well suited for the supply of fresh water at large scale. The expensive infrastructure and high capital, operating, and maintenance costs associated with these technologies, however, limit their application in remote or underdeveloped areas. Here, we show that shock electrodialysis, a recently developed electrokinetic process, can be used to continuously desalinate artificial seawater (3.5 wt. %) for small-scale (≤ 25 m3 day−1 as a long-term goal), decentralized applications. In two steps, 99.8% of the salt fed was rejected, with selectivity for magnesium ions of which > 99.99% were removed (based on measurements of concentration by mass spectrometry). We also demonstrated for the first time the viability of using and continuously recycling solutions of sodium citrate buffer to simultaneously reduce waste and inhibit precipitation reactions in the electrode streams. As with conventional electrodialysis, the energy consumed by our technology can be significantly reduced by desalinating sources that are less saline than seawater, such as brackish water and various industrial or municipal process streams. Since the design of the system and choice of materials have yet to be optimized, there remain ample opportunities to further reduce the cost of desalination by shock electrodialysis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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