| Popis: |
While synthetic polymer floods are being deployed in mild temperature and low salinity fields, many oilfields (harsh conditions) remain inaccessible due to performance limitations, and concentration requirements, which adversely affect project economics. Historically, biopolymers have been considered in such reservoirs, with mixed results. Xanthan was used in the 1980's, while more recently schizophyllan polymer was tested in a pilot study. This study presents scleroglucan polymers as a class of viscosifiers that demonstrate excellent performance in harsh temperature and salinity reservoirs. Scleroglucan polymers do not suffer from catastrophic drop in viscosity in the presence of high concentration of divalent ions. This makes produced water re-injection projects without water treatment a reality. This work demonstrates that cost-effective, high purity EOR grade Scleroglucan polymers, show excellent performance in lab trials as related to excellent rheological properties, injectivity, bio and thermal stability and with minimal shear degradation. Injectivity tests demonstrated good propagation through cores without blockage or injectivity issues. Resistance factors and residual resistance factors are in the desirable range. Core floods carried out in sandstone and carbonate outcrop cores demonstrated that adsorption values and oil recoveries are consistently in the expected range for polymer recoveries. Shear degradation studies showed that recycling scleroglucan through a centrifugal pump causes less than 5% drop in viscosity after 100 passes while synthetic polymer showed substantial loss after a single pass and a 50% drop after 10 passes through the same pump. Capillary shear testing (API RP 63 method) of scleroglucan shows little change in viscosity upon multiple passes through shear regimes greater than 150,000 s−1. Scleroglucan polymer solution showed less than 25% drop in viscosity after exposure to 115 °C for six months. No change in viscosity was observed at 95 °C after one year. Scleroglucan has no compatibility issues through 6 months (at 37, 85, and 95 °C) with glutaraldehyde and tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC) biocides. Long term biostability studies at various temperatures and salinities are ongoing - current data will be presented. Scleroglucan has excellent stability in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ferrous species (Fe2+) under fully aerobic conditions! This work provides insight on the potential of using EOR grade scleroglucan for CEOR in harsh condition reservoirs. Currently, the program is moving towards pilot implementation of a scleroglucan formulation to demonstrate large scale hydration, long term injectivity and oil recovery. |
