3D printed, mechanically tunable, composite sodium alginate, gelatin and Gum Arabic (SA-GEL-GA) scaffolds
| Autor: | Bernard J. Van Wie, Alia H. Mallah, Nehal I. Abu-Lail, B. Arda Gozen, Joshua Kernan, Michele Counts, Juana Mendenhall, Mahmoud Amr, India Dykes |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
food.ingredient Shear thinning 0206 medical engineering Composite number Biomedical Engineering Ionic bonding 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 020601 biomedical engineering Gelatin Computer Science Applications food Tissue engineering Chemical engineering Self-healing hydrogels Extrusion 0210 nano-technology Elastic modulus Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Bioprinting. 22:e00133 |
| ISSN: | 2405-8866 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00133 |
| Popis: | Biomimicking the mechanical properties of native tissues is one of the key requirements of engineering tissue scaffolds, rendering a need for materials and manufacturing processes with a high level of control over the mechanical properties of such scaffolds. To address this need, we present a 3D printable, composite hydrogel consisting of sodium alginate (SA), gelatin (GEL) and gum Arabic (GA), referred to herein as SA-GEL-GA hydrogel, mechanical properties of which can be controlled through tuning its cross-linking process. Here, the aqueous solution of the three constituents is used as the bioink to 3D print porous scaffolds in a temperature-controlled extrusion-based printing process. 3D-printed scaffolds are then crosslinked through a multi-step approach, realizing the gelation of GEL, ionic crosslinking of SA and GA, and covalent cross-linking of all three components. Here, we show that the inherent mechanical properties of SA-GEL-GA hydrogels can be controlled through the duration of the covalent crosslinking step. SA-GEL-GA bioinks exhibit highly temperature-dependent rheology with elastic solid-like behavior below room temperature and a viscoplastic, shear thinning nature above 28 °C. Using a cooled build-plate and heated printhead, high resolution scaffolds were printed with filament diameter of 250 μm and extruded from a 100 μm diameter nozzle. The compressive elastic modulus of these scaffolds can be tuned to the 50–250 kPa range through the combined effect of the scaffold pores size and covalent crosslinking step duration. 3D printed and crosslinked scaffolds carry over 500% of their dry weight in water and can be dried and reswollen to over 400% of their dry weight. Finally, our degradation analysis showed that increased covalent cross-linking duration led to reduced long-term structural stability due to mechanical failure of the scaffolds. These results indicate that SA-GEL-GA hydrogels offer exciting opportunities for manufacturing customizable artificial tissue scaffolds with biomimicking mechanical properties, particularly for soft tissues. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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