| Popis: |
One of the construction industry’s most prominent characteristics is its demand for natural resources, with aggregate consumption. A total of 35% of that aggregate is used in civil works such as bridges and roads and the remaining 65% in the construction of residential (25%), commercial (20%), and public (20%) buildings. Those numbers are particularly significant when set against the present backdrop of sustainability and circular economy policies encouraged internationally and supported by research institutions and universities. As a result, over the past few decades the industry has sought ways to manufacture cement-based products (CBMs: cement, mortar, concrete) with alternative raw materials sourced from industrial waste. The foremost problem is that most of the research has been conducted on the laboratory scale, with very little prototype development or experimentation in real-life situations. In light of those circumstances, this chapter describes a few examples of the use of construction and demolition waste, seashells and coal bottom ash as aggregates in building construction. |
