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The methodology developed by the authors refers to designing, calculating, and optimising transport nodes based on the original systemic approach as a main method. The use of the methodology will make it possible to design transport nodes more rationally and to evaluate their development projects more correctly.A «system» is understood as a general natural form of structuring organised substance, which enables it to function stably in a changeable environment. The basic principles are formulated as follows: the system consists of elements, each of which is also a system; active self-maintenance is developed in the system, that is, active actions are counteracting external adverse influences; it is shown that self-maintenance is provided by adaptability, and in transport systems the self-maintenance is particularly provided by adaptive technology.A contradiction (a dialectical one) arises: on the one hand, the elements are independent systems that have their own system parameters and mechanisms for their active maintenance, and on the other hand, they are subordinate creatures capable of flexibly changing their work to maintain the parameters of the supersystem. It is necessary to find harmony between the levels of development of these opposite properties. Transport nodes are also considered from these systemic positions. Exposition of several definitions of nodes by leading national scientists is followed by a statement showing that they all contradict the new systemic approach.Suggested system definition of a node describes it as a set of stations. The authors also propose a new classification of transport nodes, formulate criteria for their rational design depending on the classes, and propose correct design and optimisation principles. |
