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Mood and anxiety disorders are found at increased rates in cancer patients, particularly in the context of pain. These disorders can complicate pain treatment and should be addressed to maximize pain control, functional status, and overall quality of life in patients living with cancer-related pain. A variety of tools for the treatment of anxiety and depression exist and are an essential part of comprehensive pain management. A solely physiological approach is likely to incompletely address a cancer patient’s pain needs. We recommend a comprehensive approach based on a biopsychosocial model of pain that includes treatment of associated anxiety and depression in addition to standard somatic therapies. A multimodal approach that involves a patient’s family in treatment planning and addresses the psychosocial needs of the patient is most effective and supported by the American Pain Society and the Institute of Medicine (Gordon et al. Arch Intern Med165(14):1574–80, 2005; Miaskowski et al. Guideline for the management of cancer pain in adults and children. American Pain Society, Glenview, 2005; Institute of Medicine. Committee on Advancing Pain Research C, Education. Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2011). |
