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Affect regulation refers to the ways in which individuals manage their emotions and moods, including emotion regulation strategies, experiential acceptance, distress tolerance, and coping strategies. Young adults display a variety of affect regulation patterns, and these patterns relate to personality, emotional, and behavioral factors. The present study aimed to further expand this literature by utilizing latent profile analysis (LPA) to explore subgroup patterns of affect regulation. The relation between affect regulation profiles and other background/ demographic factors ? gender, age, race/ethnicity, history of a mental health disorder, socioeconomic status trait level of neuroticism, and substance use age of initiation ? were explored via multinomial logistic regression to contextualize interpretation of affect regulation patterns. The relations among theoretically linked constructs of interest ? childhood abuse, executive functioning, and substance use behaviors ? were explored to better understand risk and protective factors. Current perceived stress and life satisfaction were assessed to discern current functioning and adaptiveness. Young adults ages 18 and 25 were recruited online and 562 participants completed the study. Procedures involved completion of online questionnaires and an electronic Go/No-go task assessing executive functioning. The LPA revealed a best-fitting model of seven profiles. The seven profiles included Average Regulation Copers, Low Strategy Accepters/Tolerators, Self-Reliant Suppressors, Self-Reliant Accepters/Tolerators, Productive Multi-Strategy Support-Seekers, Low Strategy/Low Tolerance Self-Distractors, and Low Tolerance Other-Seekers. Gender was a significant covariate, and significant background predictors included neuroticism, substance use age of initiation, and history of a diagnosed mental health disorder. Early life stress, and emotional abuse in particular, distinguished among profiles. Past month substance use and binge drinking also significantly distinguished among profile groups. Executive functioning was not a significant predictor, though measurement issues should be considered. Finally, both current perceived stress and life satisfaction significantly distinguished among profile groups, with the most positive functioning seen among the Self-Reliant Accepters/Tolerators and the Productive Multi-Strategy Support Seekers, and the lowest functioning seen among the Low Strategy, Low Tolerance Self-Distractors. Overall, results demonstrated that young adults vary significantly in their patterns of affect regulation, with seven unique profiles of emotion regulation, acceptance, distress tolerance, and coping tendencies. In examining the multiple predictors and correlates, the Low Strategy, Low Tolerance Self-Distractors were the most risky profile, while the Productive Multi-Strategy Support-Seekers and Self-Reliant Acceptors/Tolerators were associated with the most protective factors. |
