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The article discusses the analysis of reconstruction of typical residential houses in the historically formed environment of European countries. Analyzing the zoning plans of European cities, it is possible to identify the main territorial areas, namely: the historic district, adjacent to the historic district and the outskirts of the city. All urban areas are formed from compositional solutions formed from residential and public buildings.The era of industrialization and typification has led to mass construction of model dwellings and these houses are the main building blocks of European cities such as: Czech Republic, Germany former GDR, Poland, Slovakia, Russia. Typical houses had stages in their development, reflecting the age of the time, politics, development of science and technology, and they are the historical environment. Industrial residential houses had stages in their development, each stage made adjustments with each decade improved planning solutions, increased floors, changed frontal and volumetric composition of the building. To date, the operational qualities of typical dwellings have become unusable and the need for reconstruction has come to an end. In order to learn about methods and techniques for improving the quality of reconstruction, the authors made an analysis of European cities: Czech Republic and Germany. The article analyzes reconstructed dwellings, techniques and methods by which the quality of volume-spatial and planning solutions was improved. The main techniques that were used in the reconstruction were identified: floor superstructure, extension of loggias and terraces, balconies; installation of additional volumes between apartment houses, re-planning of entrance group, the device of the elevator; warming of facades; replacement of window and door blocks; use of supergraphics. The article also proves that reconstruction and modernization is the only method by which it is possible to improve the quality of dwellings. |
