Studies into Abstract Properties of Individuals. I. Emergence in Grass Inflorescences
| Autor: | Lesley R. Bohm, Jack Maze |
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| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Plant Sciences. 158:685-692 |
| ISSN: | 1537-5315 1058-5893 |
| DOI: | 10.1086/297480 |
| Popis: | We use emergence, the inability to predict the properties of higher hierarchical levels from the properties of lower, as a means of exploring some abstract properties of individuals. Biological hierarchies are often of increasing size of parts, from molecules to an organism. Emergence in an individual also occurs in a hierarchy of different sized aggregations of homologues-for example, spikelets in a grass inflorescence. The evidence for emergence was differences among angles with a vector of isometry as detected after bootstrapping. Emergence results from developmental variation and historical constraint. The former precludes complete characterization, whereas the latter determines the degree of emergence through rendering certain variants nonviable. Developmental variation arises from the continually changing external and internal environments, the former arising from environmental fluctuations and heterogeneity, and the latter from the appearance of new parts; the mechanisms leading to historical const... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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