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Currently, many areas of advanced materials research are focused on nanosensor fabrication and design, with remarkable potential for the development of multiple applications in various fields of nanotechnology. The major scientific and technological developments in designing nanosensor materials have substantial economic impacts. Nanosensors are mainly categorized as physical or chemical and typically consist of at least one component in the nanoscale range. New nanoscale technologies have significant advantages compared to more conventional sensors. Nanoscale materials currently have great importance in a wide range of applications, especially in the field of fabrication of sensitive nanosensing devices. For analysis of different biomolecules, nucleics, pharmaceuticals, or microorganisms, cheap, sensitive, and reliable sensors are essential. Fabrication of nanosensors is very challenging, but substantial advances have been made in research and development, specifically in customizing the various techniques of fabrication for particular properties and applications. Nanosensors are of different types and each type can be fabricated using a variety of fabrication techniques. However, the ability to produce new complex nanoscale materials and devices in different configurations mainly depends on the development of innovative techniques for synthesizing nanomaterials. Therefore nanomaterial-based sensors have been explored significantly. In this chapter, a main focus is on defect engineering, which can provide important clues for improving fabrication approaches and our understanding of the exceptional nanoscale properties. The chapter also addresses the basic ideas behind the fabrication and design of nanosensors according to their different applications. |
