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This chapter focuses on the methods for measuring genetic variation in Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) loci. A number of techniques that have been used, which are now being used in the detection and analysis of genetically determined variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase loci are reviewed and placed in their technical and historical context. Molecular techniques using the polymerase chain reaction as a starting point such as—amplified fragment length polymorphism, allele specific oligonucleotide detection reactions, single strand conformation polymorphism, and oligonucleotide microarrays have seen a significant improvement in the ability of investigators to detect and quantify variation at these loci in human populations. However, despite the vast increase in the available molecular data, an ongoing role for enzymological and biochemical approaches remains to place DNA sequence variation within a meaningful physiological context. The rapid progress in biochemistry and molecular biology has meant that techniques used to analyze genetic variation have changed radically over recent years. |
