| Autor: |
Robert L. Welker |
| Rok vydání: |
1976 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Learning and Motivation. 7:394-405 |
| ISSN: |
0023-9690 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/0023-9690(76)90045-x |
| Popis: |
Deficits in learning to escape from electric shock following exposure to response-independent preshocks have frequently been reported and have been referred to as learned helplessness. Experiments were conducted in order to determine whether a phenomenon similar to learned helplessness could be induced in appetitive free-operant procedures with pigeons. Subjects received preliminary training under one of the following conditions; protracted exposure to response-dependent grain presentations (key pecking), protracted exposure to response-independent grain deliveries, or short-term hopper training. Subjects were then tested for acquisition of a treadle-pressing response which was the only means of access to grain in the experimental chamber. The acquisition of the treadle-pressing response was retarded following protracted exposure to response-independent grain deliveries and the degree of this retardation was related to the complexity of the response-reinforcer contingency. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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