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Publisher Summary This chapter describes adjuvant properties in human dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) containing transfer factor. In a study described in the chapter, human DLE were prepared, and 0.1 ml derived from 5 × 10 5 lymphocytes was injected subcutaneously into the right lateral thorax or foot pad of Lewis rats and Hartley guinea pigs. Minimum essential medium for suspension cultures (MEM) was injected contralaterally as a control. At 24 h, the regional and contralateral lymph nodes were excised, stripped of fat, and weighed. The nodes were fixed and subsequently examined by light microscopy. Percent cortical area was calculated using planimetry, and the rate of lymphocyte entry was evaluated using the lymphocyte migration index (LMI), calculated as the number of migrating lymphocytes in the wall of a high endothelial venule (HEV) divided by the number of endothelial cells in that crosssection. Guinea pigs were injected with killed antigen derived from Francisella tularensis alone or combined with DLE or MEM. Morphological observations in DLE-draining lymph nodes included planimetric evidence of deep cortical expansion, distension of intermediary sinuses with small lymphocytes, activation of sinusoidal macrophages, and focal mast-cell degranulation. |
