Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Aspects of Bispecific Antibodies

Autor: Ashit Trivedi, Min Zhu, John P. Gibbs, Sreeneeranj Kasichayanula, S Stienen, H Li, Theresa Yuraszeck, R Loberg, Timothy G. Heath
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Clinical and Translational Science. 10:147-162
ISSN: 1752-8054
DOI: 10.1111/cts.12459
Popis: Development of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) as therapeutic agents has recently attracted significant attention, and investments in this modality have been steadily increasing. This review discusses challenges, and suggestions to overcome them, associated with the development of BsAbs, specifically those pertaining to clinical pharmacology, pharmacometrics, and bioanalysis. These challenges and possible solutions are discussed by presenting several case studies of BsAbs that have gained regulatory approval or that are currently in clinical development. BsAbs, also termed “dual‐targeting” or “dual‐specificity” antibodies, have the ability to bind two different targets on the same or different cell(s); the targets may be cell‐surface receptors or soluble ligands, as shown in Figure ​1.1. These dual‐nature antibodies have key advantages that can potentially enhance therapeutic efficacy compared with monotherapy or traditional combination therapies by: i) simultaneously blocking two different targets or mediators that have a primary role in the disease pathogenesis; ii) inducing cell signaling pathways (e.g., proliferation or inflammation); iii) retargeting to mediate antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); iv) avoiding the development of resistance and increasing antiproliferative effects, specifically in oncology; and v) temporarily engaging a patient's own cytotoxic T cells to target cancer cells, thus activating cytotoxic T cells to cause tumor lysis (e.g., bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTE)). Open in a separate window Figure 1 Various designs for BsAb molecules (a) Dimers inhibition: BsAbs can bind to two receptors/targets (HER2/HER3, HER2/HER4) on the same cell (e.g., MM‐111); (b) Dual inhibition: BsAbs can inhibit two different cytokines simultaneously, for example, COVA322 that inhibits TNF‐α and IL17A; (c) Triomabs: The antigen binding site binds to target cell receptors (EpCAM, HER2, or CD20) and the T‐cell receptors (CD3). The heavy chain site binds to NK cells or dendritic cells or macrophages/phagosome (e.g., catumaxomab, ertumaxomab, FBTA05); (d) Two‐ligand inactivation: two arms bind to different ligands on different cells belonging to the same population, such as DLL4 x VEGF, TNF‐α x IL17A, IL4 x IL13 (e.g., OMP‐305B83, COVA322, SAR156597); (e) Transmembrane/transcytosis: The BsAbs are designed specifically to cross the barriers/membrane via receptor transport (transferrin receptor) and bind to enzymes/receptors (BACE1) on the other side; (f) BiTE antibody construct: These are designed to bridge T cells and target cells by binding to CD3/CD28 or CD19/CD20/CD22/CEA/EpCAM, respectively (e.g., blinatumomab, MEDI‐565, MT110). The examples mentioned above can be found in Table 2 for further information. BACE1, β‐secretase 1; BiTE, bispecific T‐cell engagers; BsAbs, bispecific antibodies; DDL4, delta‐like ligand 4; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; IL, interleukin; NK, Natural Killer; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje