Assessment of levator hiatal area using 3D / 4D transperineal ultrasound in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and superficial dyspareunia treated with pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy: randomized controlled trial
Autor: | Paolo Casadio, Diego Raimondo, Roberto Paradisi, Jacopo Lenzi, V. Pellizzone, Aly Youssef, Alessandro Arena, Renato Seracchioli, L. Cocchi, S. Del Forno |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.medical_treatment Physical examination Pelvic Floor Muscle 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Interquartile range Valsalva maneuver Medicine Dysuria Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging 030212 general & internal medicine 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine Pelvic floor Radiological and Ultrasound Technology medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Pelvic pain Obstetrics and Gynecology General Medicine body regions Levator ani medicine.anatomical_structure Reproductive Medicine Physical therapy medicine.symptom business |
Zdroj: | Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 57:726-732 |
ISSN: | 1469-0705 0960-7692 |
Popis: | OBJECTIVES Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and pelvic floor muscle hypertonia. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor physiotherapy (PFP) on the area of levator ani hiatus during Valsalva maneuver, assessed using transperineal ultrasound, in women with DIE suffering from superficial dyspareunia. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial of 34 nulliparous women diagnosed with DIE and associated superficial dyspareunia. After an initial clinical examination, all patients underwent three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) transperineal ultrasound to measure the levator hiatal area (LHA) at rest, on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction and on maximum Valsalva maneuver, and were asked to rate their pain symptoms using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Eligible women were assigned randomly (1:1 ratio) to no intervention (control group, 17 women) or treatment with five individual sessions of PFP (study group, 17 women). Four months after the first examination, all women underwent a second evaluation of pain symptoms and LHA on transperineal ultrasound. The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in LHA on maximum Valsalva maneuver between the baseline and follow-up examinations. The percentage changes in pain symptoms between the two examinations, including superficial and deep dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dysuria and dyschezia, were also evaluated. RESULTS Thirty women, comprising 17 in the study group and 13 in the control group, completed the study and were included in the analysis. The percentage change in LHA on maximum Valsalva maneuver between the two examinations was higher in the study group than in the control group (20.0 ± 24.8% vs -0.5 ± 3.3%; P = 0.02), indicating better pelvic floor muscle relaxation. After PFP treatment, the NRS score for superficial dyspareunia remained almost unchanged in the control group (median change in NRS (Δ-NRS), 0 (interquartile range (IQR), 0-0)) while a marked reduction was observed in the study group (median Δ-NRS, -3 (IQR, -4 to -2); P |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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