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This chapter compares the approaches for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of the new measures in the EU Marine Strategy Framework of Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Proposed measures are expressed as intended objectives rather than in terms of their implementation. Uncertainty regarding the choice of policy instruments for implementation adds to the challenges of appraising the environmental impacts and to the estimation of costs and benefits. In order to improve practices, it is important to build knowledge about policy instruments to protect marine environments. Further, this chapter examines the argument that in order to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) across the Baltic Sea, it is important to consider cross-country coordination of measures, as one country alone cannot achieve GES in its national marine area. |
