Autor: | David P. Larsen, Steven G. Paulsen, Alan T. Herlihy, N. Scott Urquhart, Barbara J. Rosenbaum |
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Rok vydání: | 2000 |
Předmět: |
Hydrology
business.industry Site selection Process (computing) Survey sampling Sample (statistics) General Medicine STREAMS Management Monitoring Policy and Law Pollution Environmental monitoring Sampling design Environmental science Telecommunications business Sampling frame General Environmental Science |
Zdroj: | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 63:95-113 |
ISSN: | 0167-6369 |
DOI: | 10.1023/a:1006482025347 |
Popis: | In 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as part of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), initiated a sample survey of streams in the mid-Atlantic. A major objective of the survey was to quantify ecological condition in wadeable streams across the region. To accomplish this goal, we selected 615 stream sites using a randomized sampling design with some restrictions. The design utilized the digitized stream network taken from 1:100,000-scale USGS topographic maps as the sample frame. Using a GIS, first- through third-order (wadeable) stream segments in the sample frame were randomly laid out in a line and sampled at fixed intervals after a random start. We used a variable probability approach so that roughly equal numbers of first-, second-, and third-order stream sites would appear in the sample. The sample design allows inference from the sample data to the status of the entire 230,400 km of wadeable stream length in the mid-Atlantic study area. Of this mapped stream length, 10% was not in the target population because no stream channel existed (4%), the stream channel was dry (5%), or the stream was not wadeable (1%). We were unable to collect field data from another 10% of the mapped stream length due to lack of access (mostly landowner denials). Thus, the field data we collected at 509 sites allows inference to the ecological condition for 184,600 km of the mapped stream length in the region. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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